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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruštkem | om ruštko |
| 2SG: | ruštket | ot ruštko |
| 3SG: | ruštka | ok/ogeš ruštko |
| 1PL: | ruštkena | ona/ogə̑na ruštko |
| 2PL: | ruštkeda | oda/ogə̑da ruštko |
| 3PL: | ruštkat | ogə̑t ruštko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruštkə̑šə̑m | šə̑m ruštko |
| 2SG: | ruštkə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ ruštko |
| 3SG: | ruštkə̑š | ə̑š ruštko |
| 1PL: | ruštkə̑šna | ə̑šna ruštko |
| 2PL: | ruštkə̑šda | ə̑šda ruštko |
| 3PL: | ruštkə̑št | ə̑št ruštko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruštkenam | ruštken omə̑l |
| 2SG: | ruštkenat | ruštken otə̑l |
| 3SG: | ruštken | ruštken ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | ruštkenna | ruštken onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | ruštkenda | ruštken odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | ruštkenə̑t | ruštken ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruštkem ə̑l'e | om ruštko ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ruštket ə̑l'e | ot ruštko ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ruštka ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš ruštko ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ruštkena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na ruštko ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ruštkeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da ruštko ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ruštkat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t ruštko ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruštkem ulmaš | om ruštko ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ruštket ulmaš | ot ruštko ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ruštka ulmaš | ok/ogeš ruštko ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ruštkena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na ruštko ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ruštkeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da ruštko ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ruštkat ulmaš | ogə̑t ruštko ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruštkenam ə̑l'e | ruštken omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ruštkenat ə̑l'e | ruštken otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ruštken ə̑l'e | ruštken ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ruštkenna ə̑l'e | ruštken onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ruštkenda ə̑l'e | ruštken odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ruštken ə̑l'e | ruštken ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruštkenam ulmaš | ruštken omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ruštkenat ulmaš | ruštken otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ruštken ulmaš | ruštken ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ruštkenna ulmaš | ruštken onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ruštkenda ulmaš | ruštken odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ruštken ulmaš | ruštken ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ruštko | it ruštko |
| 3SG: | ruštkə̑žo | ə̑nže ruštko |
| 1PL: | (ruštkena) | (ona/ogə̑na ruštko) |
| 2PL: | ruštkə̑za | ida ruštko |
| 3PL: | ruštkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št ruštko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruštkə̑nem | ə̑nem ruštko |
| 2SG: | ruštkə̑net | ə̑net ruštko |
| 3SG: | ruštkə̑neže | ə̑než ruštko |
| 1PL: | ruštkə̑nena | ə̑nena ruštko |
| 2PL: | ruštkə̑neda | ə̑neda ruštko |
| 3PL: | ruštkə̑nešt | ə̑nešt ruštko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruštkə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem ruštko ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ruštkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net ruštko ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ruštkə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než ruštko ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ruštkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena ruštko ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ruštkə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda ruštko ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ruštkə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt ruštko ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ruštkə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net ruštko ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ruštkə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než ruštko ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | ruštkə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda ruštko ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ruštkə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt ruštko ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | ruštkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | ruštkə̑man |
| Active participle: | ruštkə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | ruštkə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | ruštkə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | ruštkə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | ruštken |
| Negative gerund: | ruštkə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | ruštkə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | ruštkə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | ruštkə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | ruštkə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | ruštkə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||